In a population of women without diabetes, many elective cesareans would be necessary to prevent a single brachial plexus injury.
Substantial reductions in cigarette consumption or in exhaled carbon monoxide levels after the first prenatal visit are associated with modest gains in birth weight.
Scoring of low-risk pregnancies at 36 weeks' gestation may predict uncomplicated delivery in 55% of patients in a midwifery-based center and 82% in a primary care medical setting.
Offering targeted ultrasound to women whose maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is at least 2.0 multiples of the median is more cost-effective than offering amniocentesis when it is at least 2.5. multiples of the median.
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and hCG levels in the second trimester of pregnancy are not useful as screening tests for subsequent hypertensive pregnancy disorders.
In cases of uterine rupture, awareness of risk factors, recognition of clinical signs and symptoms, and prompt surgical intervention are the keys to optimal outcome.
Pregnancies complicated by antenatal crack-cocaine use are associated with low birth weight and fetal growth restriction but not preterm deliveries or abruptio placentae.
Adnexal masses suspicious at ultrasound can be diagnosed laparoscopically, but laparoscopic treatment of them is uncertain.
Continuous mass closure is the preferable method for vertical midline incisions performed in patients with gynecological malignancies.
Vulvovaginal condylomas and intraepithelial neoplasia are particularly likely in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Women with severe vulvar vestibulitis complaining of dyspareunia since their first episode of intercourse, or of associated persistent vulvar pain, are likely to fail to respond to surgery.
A single 1.5 g oral dose of metronidazole is the lowest effective dose for the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.
Fetal recoil can be used to assess fetal well-being in circumstances in which heart-rate monitoring is not informative.
Current fetal surveillance methods may not be able to anticipate antepartum fetal death due to cerebral hemorrhage in cholestasis of pregnancy.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia may be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and may result in severe fetal anemia.
Intrapericardial teratoma, a rare cause of hydrops fetalis, may be associated with an excellent prognosis when managed with an organized, multidisciplinary approach.
A triploid fetus had a banana sign, lemon sign, and an effaced cistema magna but no neural tube defect.
The umbilical-pump phenomenon may be involved in the pathophysiologic-mechanism of the twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
External cephalic version may be considered as an alternative to what has become routine cesarean delivery when a first twin presents breech.
Treatment of maternal diabetes insipidus presenting with oligohydramnios led to rapid resolution of the oligohydramnios.
Despite the severity of mutilating dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, affected women who desire children generally should be dissuaded from becoming pregnant.
The diagnosis of lumbar disk disease should be considered when a pregnant woman presents with considerable low back pain.
Opioid analgesics may cause severe rigidity resulting in difficulty with spontaneous or controlled ventilation.
A vaginal cavernous hemangioma can occur during pregnancy.
All-trans retinoic acid, when used after the first trimester, may be a safe and effective option for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in pregnancy.
A facial alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is successfully treated with high-dose chemotherapy during pregnancy.
Uterine rupture can occur with labor induction with misoprostol vaginal tablets.
A multidisciplinary approach for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of placenta previa percreta optimizes maternal outcome.
Herpes simplex virus may be the etiologic agent of endometriosis in patients with persistent puerperal fever.
Factor V deficiency in a menstruating adolescent raises complicated and controversial treatment questions.
Intermittent vaginal bleeding in an infant with an inguinal hernia may be caused by a sliding uterine component.
Histoplasma capsulatum
Incisional hernia is a rare but serious complication of suprapubic catheterization.
A retained uterine corpus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a midline pelvic mass.
Vulvar keratoacanthomas are rare lesions that can be difficult to distinguish from squamous cell carcinomas.
Removing ovarian stimulation can have therapeutic effects with subsequent tumor regression in patients with uterine low-grade smooth-muscle tumors metastatic to the lung.
Particles of uterine leiomyomas, inadvertently implanted in an abdominal-wall incision following laparoscopic myomectomy and retrieval, may increase in size and cause incisional pain.
Cardiac metastasis can occur in a patient with recurrent ovarian low malignant potential tumor.
Haemophilus influenzae
The rate of weight gain during pregnancy is inversely associated with risk of spontaneous preterm delivery.
Oxytocin and its receptors in pregnancy are reviewed with respect to current concepts of their clinical and therapeutic implications in normal, preterm, and induced labor.
Hepatitis C is transmitted vertically to up to 36% of neonates; the risk of vertical transmission is proportional to quantitative hepatitis C virus RNA levels.
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