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Polymorphism in the Glutathione S-transferase P1 Gene and Risk for Preeclampsia

From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Nijmegen St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Address reprint requests to: E. A. P. Steegers, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands, E-mail: e.steegers{at}obgyn.azn.nl

Objective: To determine whether genetic variability in bio-transformation enzymes contributes to individual differences in susceptibility to preeclampsia or the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP).

Methods: Polymorphisms in the genes of glutathione S-transferases and cytochrome P-450 1A1 were assessed by polymerase chain reaction in 170 nonpregnant women with a history of preeclampsia, 90 of whom had HELLP syndrome, and 109 healthy control women with an uncomplicated obstetric history. ² analysis was used for statistical evaluation of differences in polymorphism rates.

Results: A higher frequency of the glutathione S-transferase P1b-1b genotype was observed in preeclamptic women than in controls (14% in preeclampsia and 5% in controls; odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2, 10.6, P = .02). Genetic polymorphisms in other glutathione S-transferases and cytochrome P-450 1A1 genes occurred equally frequently in cases and controls. In women with a history of preeclampsia, there were no differences in the occurrence of the genetic polymorphisms investigated in women who either did or did not develop the HELLP syndrome.

Conclusion: Women with the glutathione S-transferase P1b-1b genotype, which could result in lower glutathione S-transferase detoxification capacity, might have higher susceptibility to preeclampsia. However, polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase genes do not seem to be a risk factor for development of the HELLP syndrome.

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